ç®æ¬¡
- 2022 å ±éãã¹ãåœèª 第ïŒå
- <æ¬æç解>
- ãèšå解説ãåïŒ( â ° )(挢åã®æžãåã)( â ± )(åãæå³ãæã€ãã®)
- åïŒãåèŠã¯å£ç¯ãæ¥ã ã®ç§»ãå€ããã楜ããããšãã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ¡)ãšããããããã¯ã©ãããããšãããã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
- åïŒãã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯ãèŠèŠè£ 眮ãã ãšãããã(åç·éšïŒ¢)ãšããããçè ããã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãçç±ãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ããã®ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
- åïŒãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã¯ã確信ãæã£ãŠã€ãããããã¬ãŒã ã§ãã£ãã(åç·éšïŒ£)ãšãããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªãã®ç¹åŸŽãšå¹æã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
- åïŒãå£ããã€æå³ã¯ã颚æ¯ã®èŠ³ç §ã®ç©ºéçæ§é åã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ€)ãšããããããã«ãã£ãŠäœå® ã¯ã©ã®ãããªç©ºéã«ãªãã®ãããã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
- åïŒã次ã«ç€ºãã®ã¯ãææ¥ã§ãæç« â ããæç« â ¡ ããèªãã åŸã®ã話ãåãã®æ§åã§ããããããèªãã§ãåŸã®( â ° )ã( â ² )ã®åãã«çããã
ïŒïŒïŒïŒ å ±éãã¹ãåœèª 第ïŒåã«ã€ããŠ
å
±éãã¹ããïŒå¹Žç®ãšãªããµã³ãã«ãåºæã£ãŠããŸããã圢åŒã®è€éæ§ãšããç¹ã§ã¯æšå¹Žã¬ãã«ã第ïŒåã§ã¯ãæšå¹Žåæ§ãè€æ°ãã¯ã¹ãããã®åºé¡ã§ãå
±éãã¹ãã«é¡èãªãããã¹ã(é¡æ¯/察æ¯)ãããŸãšãã(æœè±¡/éå
/åž°çŽ)ããã²ããã(å
·äœ/æ·è¡/æŒç¹¹)ããšãã£ãäž»äœçãªæèåãå€æåãè©ŠãããŸããããã åã
ã®ããã¹ãã«åããåã姿å¢ã¯å€ããããšãªããåŒãç¶ãå³ããæéçãªå¶çŽã®äžã§å®¢èŠ³çã«æ¬æãèªè§£ããããã«åºã¥ãæ£ããçããå°ãããšãæ±ããããŸãã
ã
ãšããã§ã客芳çã«èªãããšã¯ã©ãããããšããããã¯ã€ãŸããšãããçè ãšèªè äžè¬ãšã®éã§å ±æãããŠãã(ã¯ãã®)ãåæãã«ãããã£ãŠèªãããšã§ãããã®åæãšãªãã®ã¯ãèšèã®æšæºçãªæå³ããšãè¡šçŸäžã®å·¥å€«ãã§ããããã§ãåè ã«ã€ããŠã¯å¿ èŠæäœéã®èªåœã身ã«ã€ããå¿ èŠããããåŸè ã«ã€ããŠã¯åã°ç¡æèã®ãã¡ã«ãããšãããŠãããã®ãæèåããå¿ èŠããããã
ã
ãã®æå³ã§çŸä»£æã®åŠã³ã§ããŸãå¿ èŠã«ãªãã®ã¯ã圢åŒæ§ããžã®ãã ããã§ãããèªè§£ã®éäžã§æåž«ããããããããã説æãæœãã®ã¯åŠã¶ãã®ãèªãå 容ãæ±²ã¿ãšãæ©äŒã奪ãããšã«ããªããããªãããã¡ãã培åºããã圢åŒããžã®ãã ããã®å ã«è±ããªãæå³äžç(å 容)ãã®æµ·ãåºããã®ã§ããã
ã
ãšããã§ã客芳çã«èªãããšã¯ã©ãããããšããããã¯ã€ãŸããšãããçè ãšèªè äžè¬ãšã®éã§å ±æãããŠãã(ã¯ãã®)ãåæãã«ãããã£ãŠèªãããšã§ãããã®åæãšãªãã®ã¯ãèšèã®æšæºçãªæå³ããšãè¡šçŸäžã®å·¥å€«ãã§ããããã§ãåè ã«ã€ããŠã¯å¿ èŠæäœéã®èªåœã身ã«ã€ããå¿ èŠããããåŸè ã«ã€ããŠã¯åã°ç¡æèã®ãã¡ã«ãããšãããŠãããã®ãæèåããå¿ èŠããããã
ã
ãã®æå³ã§çŸä»£æã®åŠã³ã§ããŸãå¿ èŠã«ãªãã®ã¯ã圢åŒæ§ããžã®ãã ããã§ãããèªè§£ã®éäžã§æåž«ããããããããã説æãæœãã®ã¯åŠã¶ãã®ãèªãå 容ãæ±²ã¿ãšãæ©äŒã奪ãããšã«ããªããããªãããã¡ãã培åºããã圢åŒããžã®ãã ããã®å ã«è±ããªãæå³äžç(å 容)ãã®æµ·ãåºããã®ã§ããã
ãããã£ãŠãå
±éãã¹ãã§ãããã¡ããäºæ¬¡è©Šéšã§ãã圢åŒæ§ã«åã£ã客芳çãªèªã¿ãæ±ãããããããçµæãšããŠãéèªããå¯èœã«ããŸãããã®äžã§ãèšåã®èŠæ±ãååã«ãµãŸãã解çã®æ ¹æ ãæ¬æäžããæ¢ããéžæè¢ããæžãããã«ãéžã¶ãããããäžè²«ããæ¹éããããããæç« ã«é©çšãã誀ããä¿®æ£ããªããç¶ç¶ããŠéç·ŽããããããçŸä»£æã®è©Šéšã§ã確å®ã«ãé«åŸç¹ããšãããã®ãæ£ããæ¹æ³ã ãšèããŸãã
<æ¬æç解>
åæžãã«ã次ã®ãæç« â
ãã¯ãæ£å²¡åèŠã®æžæã«ãã£ãã¬ã©ã¹éåãšå»ºç¯å®¶ã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®å»ºç¯ç©ã«ãããçªã«ã€ããŠèå¯ãããã®ã§ããããŸãããæç« â
¡ ãã¯ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã«ã€ããŠãæç« â
¡ ããšã¯å¥ã®èŠ³ç¹ããèå¯ãããã®ã§ãããã©ã¡ãã®æç« ã«ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšèãå°ããªå®¶ãããã®åŒçšãå«ãŸããŠãã(åŒçšæäžã®(äžç¥)ã¯åæã®ãŸãŸã§ãã)ããšããã
Â
ãæç« â
ãåºå
žã¯ææšåãèŠèŠã®çåœåââã€ã¡ãŒãžã®åŸ©æš©ããçè
ã¯çŸè¡è©è«å®¶(2021幎没)ã
â 段èœãå¯è¿ãããèªããŸãŸãªããªãã£ãåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã宀å
ã«ããŸããŸãªãã®ã眮ããããããªãããããšã楜ãã¿ã ã£ãããããŠãã¬ã©ã¹éåã®ãããã«èŠããåºã®æ€ç©ã空ãèŠãããšãæ
°ãã ã£ããå³èŠã®ã»ãã¯èŠèŠãããåèŠã®èªèº«ã®ååšã確èªããæèŠã ã£ããâŠéåã®çŽãã¬ã©ã¹ã«å
¥ãæ¿ããããšã§ããåèŠã¯å£ç¯ãæ¥ã
ã®ç§»ãå€ããã楜ããããšãã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ¡)ãã
ã
â¡â¢æ®µèœâŠã
ã
â£æ®µèœãæ ç»ç 究è
ã®ã¢ã³ã»ããªãŒãããŒã°ã¯ãããŽã¡ãŒãã£ã«ã»ãŠã€ã³ããŠãã®åé ã§ããçªãã¯ããã¬ãŒã ãã§ãããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã§ããããšãã£ãŠãããâ(åŒçšéš)ãã
ã
â€æ®µèœãåèŠã®æžæã¯ãã¬ã©ã¹éåã«ããããã»ãã¢ã ãèå°ãšå®¢åžãåºåãé¡çžç¶ã®éšåãã€ããããã®ã§ãããããã¯å€çã®äºæ¬¡å
ã«å€ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã§ããããã¬ãŒã ãšãªã£ãã®ã§ããããã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯ãèŠèŠè£
眮ãã ãšãããã(åç·éšïŒ¢)ãã
ã
â¥æ®µèœãåèŠã®æžæ(ç
宀)ã®éåãã¬ã©ã¹éåã«ããããšã§ããã®å®€å
ã¯ãèŠèŠè£
眮ããšãªã£ãããã ããå®ã®ãšãããå€çãçºããããšã®ã§ãããçªãã¯ãèŠèŠè£
眮ãšããŠã建ç¯ã»äœå®
ã«ãã£ãšãéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšããŠãããã
ã
âŠæ®µèœã建ç¯å®¶ã®ã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã¯ãããã°èŠèŠè£
眮ãšããŠã®ãçªããããããŠéèŠããŠããããããŠã圌ã¯çªã®æ§æããã建ç¯ã決å®ããŠãããšãŸã§èããŠãããâŠçªãèŠèŠè£
眮ã§ãããšããç¹ã«ãããŠã¯ãåèŠã®æžæ(ç
宀)ã®ã¬ã©ã¹éåãšããããããããããšã¯ãªããããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã¯ãäœãŸãã培åºããç¥èŠè£
眮ããŸãã§ã«ã¡ã©ã®ããã«èããŠããç¹ã§ã¯ãåèŠã®ã¬ã©ã¹éåã®ããã«ãã ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã£ããåèŠã®ã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã§ã¯ãã£ãŠããæäœããããã¬ãŒã ã§ã¯ãªããä»æ¹ããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã¯ã確信ãæã£ãŠã€ãããããã¬ãŒã ã§ãã£ãã(åç·éšïŒ£)ãã
ã
â§æ®µèœãâŠã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã«ã€ããŠã®èšèª¬ã€ããŠãã¢ã³ã»ããªãŒãããŒã°ã¯ããäœãããã®æ©æ¢°ãã§ãããšåæã«ãããã¯ãŸããèŠãããã®æ©æ¢°ã§ããã£ããã®ã ãšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããããã«ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã¯ãçªã¯ææ°ã§ã¯ãªããèŠçãšåœ©å
ããåªå
ãããã®ã§ãããããã¯ãçªã®ãã¬ãŒã ãšçªã®åœ¢ãããªãã¡ãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ãã®å€æŽãåŒãèµ·ãããããšææããŠãããã«ã»ã³ã³ãã¥ãžãšã¯çªããå€çãåãåããã¬ãŒã ã ãšæããŠããããã®çµæãçªã®åœ¢ããããŠãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãæ¯ã(ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®é·èŸºãšç蟺ã®æ¯)ãå€åãããšããã®ã§ãããã
ã
âšæ®µèœãå®é圌ã¯ã䞡芪ã®ããã®å®¶ãã¬ãã³æ¹ã®ã»ãšãã«å»ºãŠãŠããããŸãããã®å®¶ã¯ãå¡(å£)ã§å²ãŸããŠããã®ã ããããã«ã€ããŠã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã¯ã次ã®ããã«èšè¿°ããŠããããå²ãå£ã®ååšçç±ã¯ãåããæ±ã«ãããŠãããã«éšåçã«åãã西ã«ãããŠèŠçãéããããã§ãããâŠæ¯è²ãæãã«ã¯ãããããããéå®ããªããã°ãªããªããæãåã£ãå€æã«ãã£ãŠéžå¥ããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã ãããªãã¡ããŸãå£ã建ãŠãããšã«ãã£ãŠèŠçãé®ãããã€ãã«é£ããªãå£é¢ãèŠæèŠæåãæããããã«æ°Žå¹³ç·ã®åºãããæ±ããã®ã§ããã(ãå°ããªå®¶ã)ãã
ã
â©æ®µèœã颚æ¯ãèŠããèŠèŠæªçœ®ããšããŠçª(éå£éš)ãšå£ãããã«æ§æãããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã«ãšã£ãŠèª²é¡ã§ãã£ãããšãããããã
ã
ã
ãæç« â
¡ ãåºå
žã¯åè°·å
å©ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšãšè¿ä»£çµµç»ââäºåäžçŽã¢ãããºã ã®éçšããã
ã
â 段èœã1920幎代ã®æåŸæã食ãåæã®å€å
žçãµãŽã©ã¢éž(åç)ã¯ãèŠäºãªããã¢ãŒã·ã§ã³ããã€ã暪é·ã®çªãã瀺ãããäžæ¹ãã暪é·ã®çªããå
åŽããèŠããšãããã¯å£ãããã¬ããçªã§ããããã®æå³ãå転ãããããã¯ååšãé®ãå£äœãšãªããâŠã
ã
â¡æ®µèœãããã¯åæã«ã€ãã®ããã«ããããäœå®
ã¯æ²æé»èã®å Žã§ããããâŠã
ã
â¢æ®µèœããããã®èšèã«ã¯ãããããè¿ä»£å»ºç¯ã®çè«ã«ãããŠã¯èª¬æããããäžã€ã®ç©ºéè«ãçŸããããŠãããäžæ¹ã¯ãããã°å
ã®çãããããäžçã§ãããä»æ¹ã¯å
ã®æº¢ããäžçã§ãããã€ãŸããåè
ã¯å
é¢çãªäžçã«ãåŸè
ã¯å€çãªäžçã«é¢ãã£ãŠãããã
ã
â£æ®µèœãããã¯ãå°ããªå®¶ãã«ãããŠé¢šæ¯ãèªã :ãããã«èŠãããå²ãå£ã®ååšçç±ã¯ãåããæ±ã«ãããŠãããã«éšåçã«åãã西ã«ãããŠèŠçãéããããã§ãããâŠæ¯è²ãæãã«ã¯ãããããããéå®ããªããã°ãªããªãã(äžç¥)ååŽã®å£ãšããããŠæ±åŽãšååŽã®å£ãšã “å²ããã应 ã圢æããããšããããããã§ã®æ¹éã§ããããã
ã
â€æ®µèœãããã«èªãããã颚æ¯ãã¯åãã¬èŠç¹ããã£ãŠããããããå€ããèªã£ããåãèŠç¹ãã«ãããããã®ãåãã¬èŠç¹ãã¯é¢šæ¯ãåãåããèŠç¹ãšé¢šæ¯ã¯ãäžã€ã®å£ã«ãã£ãŠéãŠããããããŠã€ãªãããã颚æ¯ã¯äžç¹ããèŠãããçºããããããå£ããã€æå³ã¯ã颚æ¯ã®é芳ç
§ã®ç©ºéçæ§é åã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ€)ãâŠã
ã
â¥æ®µèœãããã¯ãäœå®
ã¯ãæ²æé»èãçŸã«é¢ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠãããåæã«æèšããããã®ææ³ã¯ãæããã«åãã¬èŠç¹ããã£ãŠãããâŠãã®ããŒãã¯ã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšãåŸæã«æãããã瀌æå ãããä¿®éé¢ãã«ãããŠãå床䞻é¡åãããæ·±ãè¿œæ±ãããŠãããã瀌æå ãããä¿®éé¢ãã¯ããªã«ããããæ²æé»èãçæ³ã®å Žã§ãããã€ãŸããåŸæã®ããããå®æ建ç¯ãåãããšã«ãããŠãåãèŠç¹ã«ããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®åãã¬èŠç¹ã®æ矩ãæçã«ãªããã
ã
Â
åïŒ(挢åã®æžãåã)
( â
° )
() åé ââ æåãâ»ä»ã¯â¡å¯å/â¢å¿åŽ /â£èšåŒµ
() çŽç·ââ¢æšçŽãâ»ä»ã¯â åè¿/â¡åžå·Ÿ/â£ç·çž®
() çãããããââ¡éçãâ»ä»ã¯â æ蚎/â¢ç²å/â£çŽ é€
Â
( â
° â
° )
() è¡ã£ãââ£å±¥è¡(ãããªã) â»ä»ã¯â è¡é²/â¡è¡å/â¢æ
è¡(ãã)
() (æ¯è²ã)æãââ¢å±æ(é ããèŠãã) â»ä»ã¯â æ¬æ/â¡å±æ/â¢äººæ(â é¡ã/â¡â¢æåŸ
ãã)ã
ã
Â
åïŒãåèŠã¯å£ç¯ãæ¥ã ã®ç§»ãå€ããã楜ããããšãã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ¡)ãšããããããã¯ã©ãããããšãããã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
ã
å
容説æåé¡ããæç« â
ãããã®åºé¡ããåèŠã¯(a)/å£ç¯ãæ¥ã
ã®ç§»ãå€ããã(b)/楜ããããšãã§ãã(c)ããéèªçã«èšãæãã(å
·äœåãã)äžã§ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠç確ã«å
容ãè£ã£ãéžæè¢ãæ£è§£ãšãªããç¹ã«ïœèŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåç·çŽåã®ãéåã®çŽãã¬ã©ã¹ã«å
¥ãæ¿ããããšã§(c1)/èŠèŠãããåèŠã®èªèº«ã®ååšã確èªããæèŠã ã£ã(c2)ãã«ããå
·äœåã§ããããã®äžã§ãæ¬åã®é ãããã€ã³ãã¯ïœã®åæãšãªãåèŠã®å±æ§ã«ã€ããŠã®èª¬æããã®èŠ³ç¹ãããæç« åé ã®ãå¯è¿ãããèªããŸãŸãªããªãã£ãåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ããšããèŠçŽ ãšãå
šéžæè¢ã®é ã®ç®æããåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠãã®å¯Ÿå¿é¢ä¿ã暪ã«èŠãŠãâ¢ãç
æ°ã§å¯è¿ããæºè¶³ã«æãŠãªãã£ãåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠããšâ£ãç
æ°ã§èº«äœãåããããšãã§ããªãã£ãåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠãã®ïŒã€ã«çµãããšãã§ãããããã§ãæ¹ããŠbcèŠçŽ ãé©åã«èšãæããéžæè¢â¢ãæ£è§£ãšãªããã
ã
åç·éšãšã®å¯Ÿå¿é¢ä¿ã¯ä»¥äžã®éããâ¢ãç
æ°ã§å¯è¿ããæºè¶³ã«æãŠãªãã£ãåèŠã«ãšã£ãŠ(a)/ã¬ã©ã¹éåãéããŠ(c1)/å€æ§ãªæ¯è²ãèŠãããšã(b)/çãå®æããå¥æ©ãšãªã£ãŠãããšããããš(c2)ããããã«å¯ŸããŠâ£ã¯ãå€ã®äžçãžã®æ³åãããããŠãŠãããããïœèŠçŽ ãšå¯Ÿå¿ããäžé©åãã
Â
åïŒãã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯ãèŠèŠè£ 眮ãã ãšãããã(åç·éšïŒ¢)ãšããããçè ããã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãçç±ãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ããã®ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
ã
çç±èª¬æåé¡ããæç« â
ãããã®åºé¡ãçç±ã®å§ç¹(S)ã§ãããã¬ã©ã¹éåããšçµç¹(G)ã§ãããèŠèŠè£
眮ããããªããžããçç±(R)ãææãããšãããæ ¹æ ã¯åç·çŽåã®ãã¬ã©ã¹éåã«ãããããã»ã¢ã ãã€ãããã(R1)/ãã(ïŒã¬ã©ã¹éå)ã¯å€çãäºæ¬¡å
ã«å€ããã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã§ãããã¬ãŒã ãšãªã£ã(R2)ã(âR1R2â)ããããã»ã¢ã ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåŒçšéšã®ãèå°ãšå®¢åžãåºåãé¡çžç¶ã®éšåããšãã説æã«äŸæ ãããã
ã
éžæè¢ã¯å
šãŠãã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯(S)/ãããšã§/ãä»æãã ãšèãããããã(âG)ããšãã圢ã§ããã£ãŠããããããã暪ã«èŠãŠãâ¡ãã¬ã©ã¹éåã¯(S)/宀å€ã«åºãã颚æ¯ã®ç¯å²ãå®ãã(âé¡çž)ããšã§(R1)/å€ã®äžçãå¹³é¢åãããã€ã¡ãŒãž(âäºæ¬¡å
)ãšããŠæ ãåºãä»æãã ãšèãããããã(R2)ããæ£è§£ãšããŠç©æ¥µçã«éžã¶ããšãã§ãããâ£ã¯ååã¯ããããåŸåãæ°ããªé¢šæ¯ã®è§£éãå¯èœã«ããä»æãããæ ¹æ ãæ¬ ãäžé©åãšãªããã
ã
Â
åïŒãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã¯ã確信ãæã£ãŠã€ãããããã¬ãŒã ã§ãã£ãã(åç·éšïŒ£)ãšãããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªãã®ç¹åŸŽãšå¹æã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
ã
å
容説æåé¡ããæç« â
ãããã®åºé¡ãèšåã®æ瀺ã«åŸãããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªãã®ãç¹åŸŽ(a)ããšãå¹æïŒåž°çµ(b)ãã«ã€ããŠç«¯çã«ææ¡ãããïœã«ã€ããŠã¯ããŸãåç·éšã«ããã確信ãæã£ãŠã€ãããããã¬ãŒã ãã§ããããšãããã«åç·ã®ååŸããã培åºããèŠèŠè£
眮ããŸãã§ã«ã¡ã©ã®ããã«èããããŠããããææ°ã§ã¯ãªããèŠçãšåœ©å
ããåªå
ããããšããç¹ãæœåºã§ãããããã§ããã£ããéžæè¢ã«ç®ããããšãå
šãŠããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã¯/ããã®ã§ãã(a)/ãã«ãªã(b)ããšããã£ãŠããããšã«çç®ã§ããããããŠããã®åå(a)ãããéžæè¢ãâ ãã«ã¡ã©ã®åœ¹å²ãæããããâ£ãèŠèŠçãªå¹æã«é
æ
®ããâ€ãææ°ãããèŠçãåªå
ãã«çµãããšãã§ãããã
ã
次ã«ïœã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå®ç³ã«åŸãã°ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšèªèº«ã«ããåŒçšãæ¿ããæçµâšæ®µèœã颚æ¯ãèŠããèŠèŠè£
眮ããšããŠã®çªãšå£ãããã«æ§æãããããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã«ãšã£ãŠã®èª²é¡ã§ãã£ããã«çç®ãã¹ãã ããããã§ã¯æ
å ±ã足ããªãããã®ãããã«æ§æãããããšããã課é¡ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåŒçšéšã«æ»ãå
·äœåããå¿
èŠããããããã§åŒçšéšã®ãŸãšãã«ããããããªãã¡ã以äžãããŸãå£ã建ãŠãããšã«ãã£ãŠèŠçãé®ã(b1)/ã€ãã«é£ããªãå£é¢ãèŠæèŠæåãæããããã«æ°Žå¹³ç·ã®åºãããæ±ãã(b2)ãã«çç®ããããã®b1ãšb2ãããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªãã®ãå¹æãã«çžåœãããã®ã§ããããããããå
ã®æ®ã£ãéžæè¢ãæ€èšãããšãâ€ãæ£è§£ãéžæè¢ã®å¯Ÿå¿é¢ä¿ã¯ããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®çªã¯/ææ°ãããèŠèŠãåªå
ãããã®ã§ãã(a)/èŠç¹ãå®ãŸãã«ãã颚æ¯ã«éå®ãæœãããšã§(b1)/ããã£ãŠåºãããèªèãããããã«ãªã£ã(b2)ããšãªããâ â£ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãb2ã®èŠçŽ ããã£ãœãæããŠããŠæ£è§£ã«åã°ãªããã
ã
Â
åïŒãå£ããã€æå³ã¯ã颚æ¯ã®èŠ³ç §ã®ç©ºéçæ§é åã§ããã(åç·éšïŒ€)ãšããããããã«ãã£ãŠäœå® ã¯ã©ã®ãããªç©ºéã«ãªãã®ãããã®èª¬æãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ€ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
ã
å
容説æåé¡ããæç« â
¡ ãããã®åºé¡ããå£ãã®ã空éçæ§é åãã®åž°çµãšããŠããäœå®
ã¯ã©ã®ãããªç©ºéã«ãªãã®ãããåããŠãããåç·éšã«å«ãŸããã芳ç
§(ïŒç©äºã®æ¬è³ªãèŠæ¥µããããš)ããæ¢ã«çãã«åœãããããã®æå³ã¯åãã¥ãããšããŠãä»ã®ã¢ãããŒããæ³å®ãããŠããã®ã ãããæ ¹æ ãšãªãã®ã¯ãåç·éšã«ç¶ãæçµâ¥æ®µèœãäœå®
ã¯ãæ²æé»èãçŸã«é¢ãã(a)ããšããç®æããããŠããã®åæãšããŠç¹°ãè¿ã匷調ããããåãã¬èŠç¹(b)ã(â€â¥)ã解çã®æ§æãšããŠã¯ãå£ã®ç©ºéçæ§é åïŒïœâïœããšãªããã
ã
ããã§éžæè¢ãæ€èšãããšãå
šãŠãäºææ§æã§ãäžæç®ãå£ã®ç©ºéçæ§é åãã®å
·äœç説æãäºæç®ã¯ãããããã®ããã«ãã§æ¿ãããã®åž°çµãšããŠã®ãäœå®
空éãã®å
·äœç説æããšãªã£ãŠããããã®äžãããå
ã»ã©æœåºãããïœâãã®ããã«ïœããšãªã£ãŠããæ£è§£éžæè¢ã¯â¢ãååšã®å€§éšåãå£ã§å²ããªããéå£éšãèšããããšã«ãã£ãŠãåºå®ãããèŠç¹ãã颚æ¯ãçºãã(b)ããšãå¯èœã«ãªãããã®ããã«èŠçãå¶éããæ§é ã«ãããäœå®
ã¯å
éšã®äººéãéãã«æ玢ããããã空éã«ãªã£ãŠãã(a)ããä»ã®éžæè¢ã®ãã¡ãâ€ã ãããäœå®
ã¯èªå·±çå¯ããããã®ç©ºéããšïœã®èŠçŽ ãæããŠããããååã§ãã®åæãšããŠã®ïœãæããŠããæ£è§£ãšã¯ãªããªããã
ã
Â
åïŒã次ã«ç€ºãã®ã¯ãææ¥ã§ãæç« â ããæç« â ¡ ããèªãã åŸã®ã話ãåãã®æ§åã§ããããããèªãã§ãåŸã®( â ° )ã( â ² )ã®åãã«çããã
çåŸïŒ¡ãâŠã
çåŸïŒ¢ããæç« â
ãã«ããæç« â
¡ ãã«ãåãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšããã®åŒçšæããã£ãããã©ãå°ãéã£ãŠããããã
çåŸïŒ£ãããèªã¿æ¯ã¹ããšããããããã
çåŸïŒ¢ãâŠã
çåŸïŒ£ãâŠã
çåŸïŒ¢ã(ãæç« â
ãã¯)ãªãããããåèŠã®ããšãåãäžããã®ããªãã
çåŸïŒ¡ãããã¯ãããããã®ã ãšæããã
çåŸïŒ¢ããªãã»ã©ãã§ããåèŠã®è©±é¡ã¯ãæç« â
¡ ãã®å
容ãšãã€ãªãããããªæ°ããããã ãã©ãã
çåŸïŒ£ãããã ãããæç« â
¡ ããšé¢é£ä»ããŠãæç« â
ããèªããšããããããšè§£éã§ããããã
çåŸïŒ¡ãâŠãã
ã
ã
( â
° ) 空æ¬ïŒ»ããããã«å
¥ãçºèšãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ£ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
空æ¬è£å
åé¡ããæç« â
ããšãæç« II ãããããã¹(察æ¯)ããŠããŸãšãã(æœè±¡/éå
)ãåé¡ãå
·äœçã«ã¯çŽåã®çºèšããã®æµãã§ã â
ããšã â
¡ ãã«ãããåŒçšæã®æãæ¹ã®éãã端çã«èããŠãããäž¡è
ãšããå°ããªå®¶ãã®ã»ãŒåäžç®æãåŒçšããŠããã®ã ãã泚ç®ãã¹ããªã®ã¯ã â
ãã®ç· ãã«ãããç®æ(âåïŒ)ããã â
¡ ãã§ã¯ã(äžç¥)ããšããŠéèŠããŠããªããšããããšã§ããããã®ç®æãšã¯ãâŠããªãã¡ããŸãå£ã建ãŠãããšã«ãã£ãŠèŠçãé®ã(a)ãã€ãã«é£ããªãå£é¢ãèŠæèŠæåãæããããã«æ°Žå¹³ç·ã®åºãããæ±ããã®ã§ãã(b)ãããã®ãã¡ãïœèŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã(äžç¥)ãåã®åŒçšç®æã§ãè¿°ã¹ãããŠãããå®éã â
¡ ãã®æ¬æã§ãåŒçšãæ¿ããåãã¬èŠç¹ããšããŠåŒ·èª¿ãããŠãã(âåïŒ)ãã
ã
ãªãã°ãã â
ãã§éèŠããã â
¡ ãã§ã¯éèŠãããªããã€ã³ãã¯ããå£ãã§èŠç¹ãé®ã£ãåŸãéã«è£
眮ãšããŠèŠçãéããçªãã®æ©èœããšãªããäžæ¹ãã â
¡ ãã§ã¯ã(äžç¥)ãã®åŸã«ãã â
ãã§ã¯åŒçšãããªãäžæã足ããå£ããå²ãããåºããæ§æããããšã匷調ããããå£ãã«èªãã®è«ã®çŠç¹ã眮ããªãã°ãïœã®èŠçŽ ã¯ãã®çŠç¹ãä¹±ãã®ã§ããããŠæšè±¡ããã®ã§ããã(åŒçšã¯ãããŸã§èªè«ã®è£åŒ·ã§ãã)ã以äžã®èå¯ã«ããæ£è§£ã¯â£ããæç« â
ãã®åŒçšæã¯ãåšå²ãå²ãå£ãšããã«éããããçªã®å¹æã«ã€ããŠã®å
容ã ãã©ããæç« â
¡ ãã®åŒçšæã§ã¯ãå£ã«çªãèšããããšã®æå³ãçç¥ãããŠãèŠçãé®ã£ãŠå£ã§å²ãå¹æã匷調ãããŠããããšãªããä»ã®éžæè¢ã®ãã¡ãâ¡ã®ã¿ãååãæ£ããæŒãããŠããããåŸåãã©ã®æ¹è§ãé®ãããéèŠèŠãããŠããããäžé©åã§ãããã
ã
( â
± ) 空æ¬ïŒ»ããããã«å
¥ãçºèšãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ãã次ã®â ãâ£ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
空æ¬è£å
åé¡ããæç« â
ãããããããåèŠã®ããšãåãäžãããçç±ã«ã€ããŠåããŠããããããããããšããã®ã¯ãã â
ããã II ããšåããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®å»ºç¯ã«ãããçªã®æ©èœãè¿°ã¹ããã®ã§ããããããã®äžã§ãåèŠããè¿°ã¹ãå¿
ç¶æ§ã¯ã©ãã«ãããããšããããšã§ããããã¡ãããããã¯ãåèŠ/ã¬ã©ã¹éåããšãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãš/çªãã®é¡æ¯(å Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯å¯Ÿæ¯)ãåæã«ãäž»é¡ã§ããåŸè
ã®ç解ãä¿ãããã§ããããªãã°åŸã¯ãäž¡è
ã®é¡æ¯(察æ¯)ã®ãã€ã³ããææããã°è¶³ããã¯ãã§ããããã ãèãæ¹ã®çã¯ããã§ããããå
±éãã¹ãã®æéçå¶çŽã®äžã§ãæ¬åã«ã€ããŠã¯å
容äžèŽåé¡ãšããŠéžæè¢ãé ã«åå³ããŠããã®ãè³¢æã§ããããã
ã
å®éãå
šãŠã®éžæè¢ããã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®â¯â¯ããããšãç解ããããããããã«/åèŠã®â¬ïžâ¬ïžã«ã¬ã©ã¹éåããããŸã瀺ããããšãã圢ã§ããã£ãŠããããŸãååéšã暪ã«èŠããšãâ ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®å»ºç¯è«ãçŸä»£ã®çªã®èšèšã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããããâ£ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®ææ°ãšåœ©å
ã«ã€ããŠã®èå¯ãäœã¿å¿å°ã®è¿œæ±ã§ãã£ããã¯æããã«è§ŠããããŠããªãå
容ã次ã«åŸåéšãâ¢ãåèŠã®èžè¡ã«å¯ŸããŠã¬ã©ã¹éåãåãŒããå¹æããäžé©åãåèŠã®èžè¡æ§ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¬æã§äžå觊ããŠããªããæ£è§£ã¯â¡ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®èšèšãå±
äœè
ãšé¢šæ¯ã®é¢ä¿ãèæ
®ãããã®ã§ãã£ãããšãç解ããããããããã«/åèŠã®æ¥åžžã«ãããŠã¬ã©ã¹éåãæããã圹å²ããŸã瀺ãããããããªãååãåŸåãæ¬æå
容ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠããããäž¡è
ã®å¯Ÿå¿ã«ãç¡çããªãã ãããã
ã
( â
² ) 空æ¬ïŒ»ããããã«å
¥ãçºèšãšããŠæãé©åœãªãã®ã次ã®â ãâ£ã®ãã¡ããäžã€éžã¹ã
空æ¬è£å
åé¡ããæç« â
ãã®åèŠã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°ãšãæç« â
¡ ãã®éã®è«ççãªã€ãªãã(解é)ã®åŠ¥åœæ§ãåããè€æ°ãã¯ã¹ãã®é¡æ¯ã察æ¯ã¯ãããããã®ãã¯ã¹ãã®äºå®æ§ã«äŸæ ããæ¯èŒå¯Ÿç
§ã®ã¬ãã«ã«ãšã©ãŸãããæ¬åã®å Žåã¯äºå®æ§ã¯åæãšããŠããã®äºå®æ§ã®éã®é£èºãåããè«çã劥åœãã©ãããå€æããåãåãããŠããã®ã§ããããã®ããšãèžãŸããéžæè¢ã®æ£èª€ãé ã«ãäºå®æ§ããè«ççãªåŠ¥åœæ§ãã®äž¡é¢ããå€å®ããŠãããå
šãŠã®éžæè¢ãäºææ§æã®äžãããåèŠã¯ãç²åŸãããšèšãããããèãããšãåèŠã®æžæãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®ããšããŠæ©èœããŠããããšãã圢ã§ããã£ãŠãããã
ã
â ã¯ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®äž»é¡åããå®æ建ç¯ãšããŠããäžé©åãã â
¡ ãã®â¥æ®µèœã«ãããšã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã¯ãåŸæã«æããã瀌æå ãä¿®éé¢ã«ãããŠããåãã¬èŠç¹ãã«ãããæ²æé»èããåäž»é¡åããã®ã§ãããâ¡ã¯ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšãææããä»äºã®ç©ºéãšããŠããäžé©åãã â
¡ ãã®â¡æ®µèœã§ã人éã«ã¯èªããæ¶èãããä»äºã®æéããããããšããããããã¯åœŒã®å»ºç¯ãšçŽæ¥çµã³ã€ããããèŠçŽ ã§ã¯ãªãããã§ãããâ£ã¯ãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®äœå®
ãšåæ§ã®èŠèŠè£
眮ãšããŠããäžé©åã空æ¬ïŒ»ããããã¯ã â
ãã®åèŠã®èšè¿°ãšã â
¡ ããé¢é£ã¥ããããšãèŠæ±ãããããèŠèŠè£
眮ããšããã®ã¯ã â
ãã®è«ç¹ã§ããããã®å Žåã â
ãã ãã§å®çµããããšã«ãªãã空æ¬ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«åèŽããªãããã§ãããã
ã
æ£è§£ã¯â¢ããŸãäžæç®ãç
ã§èªç±ã«åãããšãã§ããã«ããåèŠã¯(a)/æžæã«ã¬ã©ã¹éåãåãå
¥ããããšã§(b)/åãã¬èŠç¹ãç²åŸãããšèšãã(c)ããabã®èšè¿°ã¯ã â
ãã®å
容ãïœã®ãåãã¬èŠç¹ãã¯ã â
¡ ãã®å
容ã«ãããã沿ã£ãŠããŠé©åãåé¡ã¯ãaâbâcãã®ã â
ãã â
¡ ããè¶å¢ããè«çé¢ä¿ã ãããåãããšãã§ããªã(a)ïŒã¬ã©ã¹éå(b)âåãã¬èŠç¹(c)ããšèŠããšãã®è«çã¯åŠ¥åœãªãã®ãšããããã次ã«äºæç®ãããèãããš(aïŒbâc)/åèŠã®æžæãã«ã»ã³ã«ãã¥ãžãšã®èšãæ²æé»èã®å ŽãšããŠæ©èœããŠãã(d)ãããåãã¬èŠç¹(c)âæ²æé»è(d)ãã®è«çã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåãã â
¡ ãã®â¥æ®µèœãåïŒã§ã確èªããããã«äºå®ã¬ãã«ã§æ£ããããªãã°ãaïŒbâcããè«ççã«åŠ¥åœãªã®ã ãããå
šäœãšããŠã®ãaïŒbâcâdãïŒéžæè¢â¢ãè«ççã«åŠ¥åœã ãšããããã
ã
Â