〈I〉
(A)しかし、エリートレベルでのスポーツ参加に関する証拠は限られているが、参照できる調査によれば、一流のアスリートは心の健康に問題をより抱えやすく、それはおそらく、彼らには心身に対してかなりの負担がかかるからであろう。
(B)そのような動きの流れやつながりから、パントマイムの観覧者は、一連の体と顔の動きは、「仮想のものとして」存在している物体、人のいる物理的空間、社会的状況といった特定の枠組みの中で、何らかの文化的に筋の通った出来事や認識可能な経験をなぞなぞっていることがわかるようになる。
〈II〉
設問⑴
[ⅰ]−二 [ⅱ]−ロ [ⅲ]−ロ [ⅳ]−ハ [ⅴ]−イ
設問⑵
[A]−二 [B]−ロ [C]−イ
設問⑶
Earlier misunderstandings of the value of nature indicate that governments, like industrialists, traditionally failed to measure the benefits of ecosystem services in policy and management decisions, resulting in the development of the natural environment at enormous, possibly unnecessary, costs, without considering the likely benefits of its maintenance. (47 words)
設問⑷
環境開発を行う者にとって、長い間、自然のかけがえのない貴重さは、経済的に無価値であるとされてきたということ。
設問⑸
環境保護のインフラとして利用できる自然の価値の評価に貨幣という経済的指標を用いること。
設問⑹−二
〈III〉
Between 2000 and 2014, the number of Ph.D. holders in Japan remained largely stable at around 15,000, putting the country far behind the United States and China, two of the leading tech giants. Over the same period, those countries saw large increases in the number of doctors. One possible reason for Japan’s lack of change and falling behind is that the Japanese government has not put much emphasis on education and investment in new technologies. (77 words)
〈IV〉
(A)
We tend to assume that every passage has a clear, fixed message, and that all we have to do is figure out how to convey the message. However, the way we express, and talk about, the message can greatly affect how it is received.
(B−イ)
The fact that something has slipped your mind proves that it is not a significant matter. Failing to keep it to yourself regardless ruins the value of the story you have just told. You should decide how to close your story beforehand so that you can finish it to everyone’s content. If you can talk this way, people with whom you have talked see your whole story as satisfactory.
(B−ロ)
Of course, if you were asked what the purpose of eating is, you would say that it is to take in nourishment. However, if people only ate to survive, it is certain that the act of eating would lose its uniquely human characteristics.
